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17 撒母耳记上第17章



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████    重点词汇
████    难点词汇
████    生僻词
████    词组 & 惯用语

[学习本文需要基础词汇量：7,000 ]
[本次分析采用基础词汇量：4,000 ]

撒上17:1
Now the Philistines gathered their forces for war and assembled at Socoh in Judah. They pitched camp at Ephes Dammim, between Socoh and Azekah.
非利士人招聚他们的军旅，要来争战，聚集在属犹大的梭哥，安营在梭哥和亚西加中间的以弗大悯。


撒上17:2
Saul and the Israelites assembled and camped in the Valley of Elah and drew up their battle line to meet the Philistines.
扫罗和以色列人也聚集，在以拉谷安营，摆列队伍要与非利士人打仗。


撒上17:3
The Philistines occupied one hill and the Israelites another, with the valley between them.
非利士人站在这边山上，以色列人站在那边山上，当中有谷。


撒上17:4
A champion named Goliath, who was from Gath, came out of the Philistine camp. He was over nine feet tall.
从非利士营中出来一个讨战的人，名叫歌利亚，是迦特人，身高六肘零一虎口；


撒上17:5
He had a bronze helmet on his head and wore a coat of scale armor of bronze weighing five thousand shekels;
头戴铜盔，身穿铠甲，甲重五千舍客勒；


撒上17:6
on his legs he wore bronze greaves, and a bronze javelin was slung on his back.
腿上有铜护膝，两肩之中背负铜戟；


撒上17:7
His spear shaft was like a weaver's rod, and its iron point weighed six hundred shekels. His shield bearer went ahead of him.
枪杆粗如织布的机轴，铁枪头重六百舍客勒。有一个拿盾牌的人在他前面走。


撒上17:8
Goliath stood and shouted to the ranks of Israel, "Why do you come out and line up for battle? Am I not a Philistine, and are you not the servants of Saul? Choose a man and have him come down to me.
歌利亚对着以色列的军队站立，呼叫说：“你们出来摆列队伍做什么呢？我不是非利士人吗？你们不是扫罗的仆人吗？可以从你们中间拣选一人，使他下到我这里来。


撒上17:9
If he is able to fight and kill me, we will become your subjects; but if I overcome him and kill him, you will become our subjects and serve us."
他若能与我战斗，将我杀死，我们就作你们的仆人；我若胜了他，将他杀死，你们就作我们的仆人，服事我们。”


撒上17:10
Then the Philistine said, "This day I defy the ranks of Israel! Give me a man and let us fight each other."
那非利士人又说：“我今日向以色列人的军队骂阵。你们叫一个人出来，与我战斗。”


撒上17:11
On hearing the Philistine's words, Saul and all the Israelites were dismayed and terrified.
扫罗和以色列众人听见非利士人的这些话，就惊惶，极其害怕。


撒上17:12
Now David was the son of an Ephrathite named Jesse, who was from Bethlehem in Judah. Jesse had eight sons, and in Saul's time he was old and well advanced in years.
大卫是犹大伯利恒的以法他人耶西的儿子。耶西有八个儿子。当扫罗的时候，耶西已经老迈。


撒上17:13
Jesse's three oldest sons had followed Saul to the war: The firstborn was Eliab; the second, Abinadab; and the third, Shammah.
耶西的三个大儿子跟随扫罗出征。这出征的三个儿子：长子名叫以利押，次子名叫亚比拿达，三子名叫沙玛。


撒上17:14
David was the youngest. The three oldest followed Saul,
大卫是最小的；那三个大儿子跟随扫罗。


撒上17:15
but David went back and forth from Saul to tend his father's sheep at Bethlehem.
大卫有时离开扫罗回伯利恒，放他父亲的羊。


撒上17:16
For forty days the Philistine came forward every morning and evening and took his stand.
那非利士人早晚都出来站着，如此四十日。


撒上17:17
Now Jesse said to his son David, "Take this ephah of roasted grain and these ten loaves of bread for your brothers and hurry to their camp.
一日，耶西对他儿子大卫说：“你拿一伊法烘了的穗子和十个饼，速速地送到营里去，交给你哥哥们；


撒上17:18
Take along these ten cheeses to the commander of their unit. See how your brothers are and bring back some assurance from them.
再拿这十块奶饼，送给他们的千夫长，且问你哥哥们好，向他们要一封信来。”


撒上17:19
They are with Saul and all the men of Israel in the Valley of Elah, fighting against the Philistines."
扫罗与大卫的三个哥哥和以色列众人，在以拉谷与非利士人打仗。


撒上17:20
Early in the morning David left the flock with a shepherd, loaded up and set out, as Jesse had directed. He reached the camp as the army was going out to its battle positions, shouting the war cry.
大卫早晨起来，将羊交托一个看守的人，照着他父亲所吩咐的话，带着食物去了。到了辎重营，军兵刚出到战场，呐喊要战。


撒上17:21
Israel and the Philistines were drawing up their lines facing each other.
以色列人和非利士人都摆列队伍，彼此相对。


撒上17:22
David left his things with the keeper of supplies, ran to the battle lines and greeted his brothers.
大卫把他带来的食物留在看守物件人的手下，跑到战场，问他哥哥们安。


撒上17:23
As he was talking with them, Goliath, the Philistine champion from Gath, stepped out from his lines and shouted his usual defiance, and David heard it.
与他们说话的时候，那讨战的，就是属迦特的非利士人歌利亚，从非利士队中出来，说从前所说的话；大卫都听见了。


撒上17:24
When the Israelites saw the man, they all ran from him in great fear.
以色列众人看见那人就逃跑，极其害怕。


撒上17:25
Now the Israelites had been saying, "Do you see how this man keeps coming out? He comes out to defy Israel. The king will give great wealth to the man who kills him. He will also give him his daughter in marriage and will exempt his father's family from taxes in Israel."
以色列人彼此说：“这上来的人你看见了吗？他上来是要向以色列人骂阵。若有能杀他的，王必赏赐他大财，将自己的女儿给他为妻，并在以色列人中免他父家纳粮当差。”


撒上17:26
David asked the men standing near him, "What will be done for the man who kills this Philistine and removes this disgrace from Israel? Who is this uncircumcised Philistine that he should defy the armies of the living God?"
大卫问站在旁边的人说：“有人杀这非利士人，除掉以色列人的耻辱，怎样待他呢？这未受割礼的非利士人是谁呢？竟敢向永生 神的军队骂阵吗？”


撒上17:27
They repeated to him what they had been saying and told him, "This is what will be done for the man who kills him."
百姓照先前的话回答他，说，有人能杀这非利士人，必如此如此待他。


撒上17:28
When Eliab, David's oldest brother, heard him speaking with the men, he burned with anger at him and asked, "Why have you come down here? And with whom did you leave those few sheep in the desert? I know how conceited you are and how wicked your heart is; you came down only to watch the battle."
大卫的长兄以利押听见大卫与他们所说的话，就向他发怒说：“你下来做什么呢？在旷野的那几只羊，你交托了谁呢？我知道你的骄傲和你心里的恶意，你下来特为要看争战。”


撒上17:29
"Now what have I done?" said David. "Can't I even speak?"
大卫说：“我做了什么呢？我来岂没有缘故吗？”


撒上17:30
He then turned away to someone else and brought up the same matter, and the men answered him as before.
大卫就离开他转向别人，照先前的话而问，百姓仍照先前的话回答他。


撒上17:31
What David said was overheard and reported to Saul, and Saul sent for him.
有人听见大卫所说的话，就告诉了扫罗，扫罗便打发人叫他来。


撒上17:32
David said to Saul, "Let no one lose heart on account of this Philistine; your servant will go and fight him."
大卫对扫罗说：“人都不必因那非利士人胆怯。你的仆人要去与那非利士人战斗。”


撒上17:33
Saul replied, "You are not able to go out against this Philistine and fight him; you are only a boy, and he has been a fighting man from his youth."
扫罗对大卫说：“你不能去与那非利士人战斗，因为你年纪太轻，他自幼就作战士。”


撒上17:34
But David said to Saul, "Your servant has been keeping his father's sheep. When a lion or a bear came and carried off a sheep from the flock,
大卫对扫罗说：“你仆人为父亲放羊，有时来了狮子，有时来了熊，从群中衔一只羊羔去。


撒上17:35
I went after it, struck it and rescued the sheep from its mouth. When it turned on me, I seized it by its hair, struck it and killed it.
我就追赶它，击打它，将羊羔从它口中救出来。它起来要害我，我就揪着它的胡子，将它打死。


撒上17:36
Your servant has killed both the lion and the bear; this uncircumcised Philistine will be like one of them, because he has defied the armies of the living God.
你仆人曾打死狮子和熊，这未受割礼的非利士人向永生 神的军队骂阵，也必像狮子和熊一般。”


撒上17:37
The LORD who delivered me from the paw of the lion and the paw of the bear will deliver me from the hand of this Philistine." Saul said to David, "Go, and the LORD be with you."
大卫又说：“耶和华救我脱离狮子和熊的爪，也必救我脱离这非利士人的手。”扫罗对大卫说：“你可以去吧!耶和华必与你同在。”


撒上17:38
Then Saul dressed David in his own tunic. He put a coat of armor on him and a bronze helmet on his head.
扫罗就把自己的战衣给大卫穿上，将铜盔给他戴上，又给他穿上铠甲。


撒上17:39
David fastened on his sword over the tunic and tried walking around, because he was not used to them. "I cannot go in these," he said to Saul, "because I am not used to them." So he took them off.
大卫把刀跨在战衣外，试试能走不能走。因为素来没有穿惯，就对扫罗说：“我穿戴这些不能走，因为素来没有穿惯。”于是摘脱了。


撒上17:40
Then he took his staff in his hand, chose five smooth stones from the stream, put them in the pouch of his shepherd's bag and, with his sling in his hand, approached the Philistine.
他手中拿杖，又在溪中挑选了五块光滑石子，放在袋里，就是牧人带的囊里；手中拿着甩石的机弦，就去迎那非利士人。


撒上17:41
Meanwhile, the Philistine, with his shield bearer in front of him, kept coming closer to David.
非利士人也渐渐地迎着大卫来，拿盾牌的走在前头。


撒上17:42
He looked David over and saw that he was only a boy, ruddy and handsome, and he despised him.
非利士人观看，见了大卫，就藐视他，因为他年轻，面色光红，容貌俊美。


撒上17:43
He said to David, "Am I a dog, that you come at me with sticks?" And the Philistine cursed David by his gods.
非利士人对大卫说：“你拿杖到我这里来，我岂是狗呢？”非利士人就指着自己的神咒诅大卫。


撒上17:44
"Come here," he said, "and I'll give your flesh to the birds of the air and the beasts of the field!"
非利士人又对大卫说：“来吧!我将你的肉给空中的飞鸟、田野的走兽吃。”


撒上17:45
David said to the Philistine, "You come against me with sword and spear and javelin, but I come against you in the name of the LORD Almighty, the God of the armies of Israel, whom you have defied.
大卫对非利士人说：“你来攻击我，是靠着刀枪和铜戟；我来攻击你，是靠着万军之耶和华的名，就是你所怒骂带领以色列军队的 神。


撒上17:46
This day the LORD will hand you over to me, and I'll strike you down and cut off your head. Today I will give the carcasses of the Philistine army to the birds of the air and the beasts of the earth, and the whole world will know that there is a God in Israel.
今日耶和华必将你交在我手里。我必杀你，斩你的头；又将非利士军兵的尸首给空中的飞鸟、地上的野兽吃，使普天下的人都知道以色列中有 神；


撒上17:47
All those gathered here will know that it is not by sword or spear that the LORD saves; for the battle is the LORD'S, and he will give all of you into our hands."
又使这众人知道耶和华使人得胜，不是用刀用枪，因为争战的胜败全在乎耶和华。他必将你们交在我们手里。”


撒上17:48
As the Philistine moved closer to attack him, David ran quickly toward the battle line to meet him.
非利士人起身，迎着大卫前来。大卫急忙迎着非利士人，往战场跑去。


撒上17:49
Reaching into his bag and taking out a stone, he slung it and struck the Philistine on the forehead. The stone sank into his forehead, and he fell facedown on the ground.
大卫用手从囊中掏出一块石子来，用机弦甩去，打中非利士人的额，石子进入额内，他就仆倒，面伏于地。


撒上17:50
So David triumphed over the Philistine with a sling and a stone; without a sword in his hand he struck down the Philistine and killed him.
这样，大卫用机弦甩石，胜了那非利士人，打死他；大卫手中却没有刀。


撒上17:51
David ran and stood over him. He took hold of the Philistine's sword and drew it from the scabbard. After he killed him, he cut off his head with the sword. When the Philistines saw that their hero was dead, they turned and ran.
大卫跑去，站在非利士人身旁，将他的刀从鞘中拔出来，杀死他，割了他的头。非利士众人看见他们讨战的勇士死了，就都逃跑。


撒上17:52
Then the men of Israel and Judah surged forward with a shout and pursued the Philistines to the entrance of Gath and to the gates of Ekron. Their dead were strewn along the Shaaraim road to Gath and Ekron.
以色列人和犹大人便起身呐喊，追赶非利士人，直到迦特（或作“该”）和以革伦的城门。被杀的非利士人倒在沙拉音的路上，直到迦特和以革伦。


撒上17:53
When the Israelites returned from chasing the Philistines, they plundered their camp.
以色列人追赶非利士人回来，就夺了他们的营盘。


撒上17:54
David took the Philistine's head and brought it to Jerusalem, and he put the Philistine's weapons in his own tent.
大卫将那非利士人的头拿到耶路撒冷，却将他军装放在自己的帐棚里。


撒上17:55
As Saul watched David going out to meet the Philistine, he said to Abner, commander of the army, "Abner, whose son is that young man?" Abner replied, "As surely as you live, O king, I don't know."
扫罗看见大卫去攻击非利士人，就问元帅押尼珥说：“押尼珥啊，那少年人是谁的儿子？”押尼珥说：“我敢在王面前起誓，我不知道。”


撒上17:56
The king said, "Find out whose son this young man is."
王说：“你可以问问那幼年人是谁的儿子。”


撒上17:57
As soon as David returned from killing the Philistine, Abner took him and brought him before Saul, with David still holding the Philistine's head.
大卫打死非利士人回来，押尼珥领他到扫罗面前，他手中拿着非利士人的头。


撒上17:58
"Whose son are you, young man?" Saul asked him. David said, "I am the son of your servant Jesse of Bethlehem."
扫罗问他说：“少年人哪，你是谁的儿子？”大卫说：“我是你仆人伯利恒人耶西的儿子。”


知识点

重点词汇
bronze [brɒnz] n. 青铜；古铜色；青铜制品 adj. 青铜色的；青铜制的 vt. 镀青铜于 vi. 变成青铜色，被晒黑 n. (Bronze)人名；(葡)布龙泽 {cet4 cet6 ky toefl ielts :4024}

shield [ʃi:ld] n. 盾；防护物；保护者 vt. 遮蔽；包庇；避开；保卫 vi. 防御；起保护作用 n. (Shield)人名；(英)希尔德 {cet4 cet6 ky toefl ielts gre :4113}

keeper [ˈki:pə(r)] n. 监护人；饲养员；看守人；管理人 {gk cet4 cet6 :4146}

helmet [ˈhelmɪt] n. 钢盔，头盔 n. (Helmet)人名；(德)黑尔梅特 {gk cet4 cet6 ky ielts gre :4303}

beasts ['bi:sts] n. 野兽；畜牲（beast 的复数） { :4428}

shaft [ʃɑ:ft] n. 拍杆；[机] 轴；箭杆；杆状物 vt. 利用；在……上装杆 {cet6 ky toefl ielts :4733}

surged [ ] 波涛 { :5029}

wicked [ˈwɪkɪd] adj. 邪恶的；恶劣的；不道德的；顽皮的 {cet4 cet6 ky ielts gre :5319}

flock [flɒk] n. 群；棉束（等于floc） vi. 聚集；成群而行 vt. 用棉束填满 n. (Flock)人名；(德、瑞典)弗洛克 {cet4 cet6 ky toefl ielts gre :5337}

defied [diˈfaid] v. 违抗（defy的过去式） adj. 受蔑视的；遭违抗的 { :5583}

defy [dɪˈfaɪ] n. 挑战；对抗 vt. 藐视；公然反抗；挑衅；使落空 {cet6 ky toefl ielts gre :5583}

cursed [kɜ:st] v. 诅咒（curse的过去分词） adj. 被诅咒的 { :5761}

armor ['ɑ:mə] n. [军] 装甲；盔甲 n. (Armor)人名；(法、英)阿莫尔 vt. 为…装甲 {toefl :5785}

terrified [ˈterɪfaɪd] v. 使恐惧；恐吓（terrify的过去分词） adj. 感到恐惧的；受惊吓的 { :5828}

Jerusalem [dʒә'ru:sәlәm] n. 耶路撒冷(以色列首都)；耶路撒冷〔巴勒斯坦古城,犹太教、基督教和伊斯兰教的圣地〕 { :5844}

shepherd [ˈʃepəd] n. 牧羊人；牧师；指导者 vt. 牧羊；带领；指导；看管 n. (Shepherd)人名；(英)谢泼德 {cet4 cet6 ky toefl ielts :6385}

loaves [ləʊvz] n. 大块烤过的食物 { :6892}

fastened [ˈfɑ:sənd] 固定 { :7148}

roasted ['rəʊstɪd] adj. 烤的 v. 热煨（roast的过去分词） { :7679}

dismayed [dɪsˈmeɪd] v. 使…灰心；使…害怕（dismay的过去式及过去分词） adj. 吃惊，惊愕；心慌；心中不快 { :7726}

despised [disˈpaizd] v. 轻视（despise的过去分词）；看不起 adj. 受轻视的 { :7960}

paw [pɔ:] n. 爪子；手 vt. 抓，扒；亲昵地抚摸 vi. 用爪子抓；翻找 {cet4 cet6 ky :8033}

spear [spɪə(r)] n. 矛，枪 vt. 用矛刺 n. (Spear)人名；(英)斯皮尔 {gk cet4 cet6 ky gre :8310}

disgrace [dɪsˈgreɪs] n. 耻辱；丢脸的人或事；失宠 vt. 使……失宠；给……丢脸；使……蒙受耻辱；贬黜 {cet6 ky toefl :8519}

overheard [ˌəʊvəˈhɜ:d] vt. （过去式）偶尔听到；无意中听到；偷听 { :8536}

exempt [ɪgˈzempt] n. 免税者；被免除义务者 adj. 被免除的；被豁免的 vt. 免除；豁免 {cet6 ky toefl ielts gre :8874}

pouch [paʊtʃ] n. 小袋；育儿袋；烟草袋 vi. 成袋状 vt. 使成袋状；把…装入袋中 n. (Pouch)人名；(捷)保赫；(英)波奇 { :9335}

carcasses ['kɑ:kəsɪz] n. 尸体；兽体（carcass的复数形式） { :9410}

defiance [dɪˈfaɪəns] n. 蔑视；挑战；反抗 {ielts gre :9592}

bearer [ˈbeərə(r)] n. 持票人；[建] 承木；[机] 托架；送信人；搬运工人 { :9679}

slung [slʌŋ] v. 投掷，悬挂（sling的过去分词） { :9834}

sling [slɪŋ] n. [机] 吊索；投石器；抛掷 vt. 用投石器投掷；吊起 {gre :9834}

almighty [ɔ:lˈmaɪti] n. 全能的神 adj. 全能的；有无限权力的 adv. 非常 { :9852}

strewn [stru:n] adj. 撒满的；散播的 v. 撒；散播（strew的过去分词） { :9997}

plundered [ˈplʌndəd] n. 抢夺；战利品；掠夺品 vt. 掠夺；抢劫；侵吞 vi. 掠夺；盗窃 { :11475}

tunic [ˈtju:nɪk] n. 束腰外衣；被膜 { :11961}


难点词汇
saul [sɔ:l] n. 索尔（男名） { :16436}

ruddy [ˈrʌdi] n. (Ruddy)人名；(英)拉迪 adj. 红的；红润的 vt. 使变红 adv. 极度；非常 vi. 变红 {gre :16588}

Jesse ['desi] n. 杰西（男子名） { :16701}

facedown ['feɪsdaʊn] n. （美）直接对抗；摊牌 adv. 面向下地 { :17892}

firstborn [ˈfɜ:stbɔ:n] n. 长子；初生儿；长女 adj. 头生的；第一胎生的 { :18885}

israelites ['izriəlaits] n. 以色列人（Israelite的复数形式） { :19884}

philistine ['filistain] n. 俗气的人；-仇敌；门外汉 adj. 俗气的；无教养的；腓力斯人的 {gre :20080}

philistines [ˈfɪlɪˌsti:nz] n. 市侩，庸人( philistine的名词复数 ); 庸夫俗子 { :20080}

Bethlehem ['beθlihem] n. 伯利恒（耶稣降生地） { :20858}

javelin [ˈdʒævlɪn] n. 标枪，投枪 n. (Javelin)人名；(英)贾夫林 { :21072}

greaves [gri:vz] n. 油渣 { :23758}

goliath [gәu'laiәθ] n. 哥利亚（圣经中被大卫杀死的巨人）；巨人 { :23943}

conceited [kənˈsi:tɪd] adj. 自负的；狂想的；逞能的 { :24927}

scabbard [ˈskæbəd] n. 鞘；枪套 vt. 把…插入鞘中 {gre :25306}

shekels ['ʃeklz] n. 古希伯来或巴比伦的衡量单位（或钱币）( shekel的名词复数 ) { :32761}

uncircumcised ['ʌn'sɜ:kəmsaɪzd] adj. 未受割礼的；异邦人的；非犹太人的 { :34139}

Judah ['dʒu:dә] n. （圣经中的）犹大；犹大的后裔 { :35807}


复习词汇
Israel ['izreil] n. 以色列（亚洲国家）；犹太人，以色列人 { :2618}


生僻词
Abinadab [ ] [网络] 亚比拿达；约柜从冈上亚比拿达；便亚比拿达

abner ['æbnə] [男子名] 阿布纳来源于希伯来语，含义是“圣父是光明”(the father is light)

Azekah [ ] [网络] 亚西加

ekron [ ] [地名] [美国] 埃克朗

elah [ ] [网络] 以拉；以拉谷；以拉族长

Eliab [ ] [网络] 以利押；厄里雅布

ephah ['efə] n. （古希伯来人的干量单位）伊法

Ephes [ ] abbr. Ephesians

Ephrathite [ ] [网络] 以法莲

gath [ɡɑ:θ] n. 迦特（基督教《圣经》中腓力斯五大城市之一）

Shaaraim [ ] [网络] 沙拉音

Shammah [ ] [网络] 耶和华沙玛；示玛；耶和华闪玛


词组
a sheep [ ] [网络] 一只羊；绵羊；一只绵羊

a sling [ ] n. (Asling)人名；(英)阿斯林

a sword [ ] [网络] 一把剑；一把剑战斗；一只剑

fasten on [ ] na. 握住；盯住[纠缠]不放；一口咬定；牢牢注意 [网络] 集中于；抓住；强加于

hurry to [ ] [网络] 匆匆忙忙地去；赶往；匆忙赶到

loaf of bread [ləuf ɔv bred] [网络] 长面包；土司

pitch camp [ ] [网络] 扎营；紮营

roasted grain [ ] 烘干种子

scale armor [ ] 鱼鳞铠甲；鳞甲(古时战袍)

sink ... into [ ] v. 坠落 [网络] 陷入；沉入；陷入，落在不利的境地

sink into [siŋk ˈɪntuː] v. 坠落 [网络] 陷入；沉入；陷入，落在不利的境地

sling it [ ] [网络] 用弹弓射它

surge forward [sə:dʒ ˈfɔ:wəd] v. 涌过来 [网络] 奔腾；勇往直前；席卷

the beast [ ] na. (人的)兽性；反对基督的人 [网络] 野兽；禽兽；比斯巨兽

the lion [ ] [网络] 狮子；狮子座；雄狮

the sword [ ] [网络] 名剑；剑漠地区；宝剑

triumph over [ ] un. 击败；克服；战胜: [网络] 成功；得胜；获胜



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