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01 耶利米哀歌第1章



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████    重点词汇
████    难点词汇
████    生僻词
████    词组 & 惯用语

[学习本文需要基础词汇量：9,000 ]
[本次分析采用基础词汇量：4,000 ]

哀1:1
How doth the city sit solitary, that was full of people! how is she become as a widow! she that was great among the nations, and princess among the provinces, how is she become tributary!
先前满有人民的城，现在何竟独坐！先前在列国中为大的，现在竟如寡妇！先前在诸省中为王后的，现在成为进贡的。


哀1:2
She weepeth sore in the night, and her tears are on her cheeks: among all her lovers she hath none to comfort her: all her friends have dealt treacherously with her, they are become her enemies.
她夜间痛哭，泪流满腮；在一切所亲爱的中间没有一个安慰她的。她的朋友都以诡诈待她，成为她的仇敌。


哀1:3
Judah is gone into captivity because of affliction, and because of great servitude: she dwelleth among the heathen, she findeth no rest: all her persecutors overtook her between the straits.
犹大因遭遇苦难，又因多服劳苦，就迁到外邦。她住在列国中，寻不着安息；追逼她的，都在狭窄之地将她追上。


哀1:4
The ways of Zion do mourn, because none come to the solemn feasts: all her gates are desolate: her priests sigh, her virgins are afflicted, and she is in bitterness.
锡安的路径，因无人来守圣节就悲伤。她的城门凄凉，她的祭司叹息，她的处女受艰难，自己也愁苦。


哀1:5
Her adversaries are the chief, her enemies prosper; for the LORD hath afflicted her for the multitude of her transgressions: her children are gone into captivity before the enemy.
她的敌人为首，她的仇敌亨通。因耶和华为她许多的罪过使她受苦，她的孩童被敌人掳去。


哀1:6
And from the daughter of Zion all her beauty is departed: her princes are become like harts that find no pasture, and they are gone without strength before the pursuer.
锡安城的威荣城原文作（“女”子下同“全都”。失去），她的首领像找不着草场的鹿，在追赶的人前无力行走。


哀1:7
Jerusalem remembered in the days of her affliction and of her miseries all her pleasant things that she had in the days of old, when her people fell into the hand of the enemy, and none did help her: the adversaries saw her, and did mock at her sabbaths.
耶路撒冷在困苦窘迫之时，就追想古时一切的乐境。她百姓落在敌人手中，无人救济，敌人看见，就因她的荒凉嗤笑。


哀1:8
Jerusalem hath grievously sinned; therefore she is removed: all that honoured her despise her, because they have seen her nakedness: yea, she sigheth, and turneth backward.
耶路撒冷大大犯罪，所以成为不洁之物，素来尊敬她的，见她赤露就都藐视她；她自己也叹息退后。


哀1:9
Her filthiness is in her skirts; she remembereth not her last end; therefore she came down wonderfully: she had no comforter. O LORD, behold my affliction: for the enemy hath magnified himself.
她的污秽是在衣襟上。她不思想自己的结局，所以非常的败落，无人安慰她。她说：“耶和华啊，求你看我的苦难，因为仇敌夸大。”


哀1:10
The adversary hath spread out his hand upon all her pleasant things: for she hath seen that the heathen entered into her sanctuary, whom thou didst command that they should not enter into thy congregation.
敌人伸手夺取她的美物。她眼见外邦人进入她的圣所；论这外邦人，你曾吩咐不可入你的会中。


哀1:11
All her people sigh, they seek bread; they have given their pleasant things for meat to relieve the soul: see, O LORD, and consider; for I am become vile.
她的民都叹息，寻求食物；他们用美物换粮食，要救性命。他们说：“耶和华啊，求你观看，因为我甚是卑贱。


哀1:12
Is it nothing to you, all ye that pass by? behold, and see if there be any sorrow like unto my sorrow, which is done unto me, wherewith the LORD hath afflicted me in the day of his fierce anger.
你们一切过路的人哪，这事你们不介意吗？你们要观看，有像这临到我的痛苦没有？就是耶和华在他发烈怒的日子使我所受的苦。


哀1:13
From above hath he sent fire into my bones, and it prevaileth against them: he hath spread a net for my feet, he hath turned me back: he hath made me desolate and faint all the day.
他从高天使火进入我的骨头，克制了我；他铺下网罗，绊我的脚，使我转回，他使我终日凄凉发昏。


哀1:14
The yoke of my transgressions is bound by his hand: they are wreathed, and come up upon my neck: he hath made my strength to fall, the LORD hath delivered me into their hands, from whom I am not able to rise up.
我罪过的轭是他手所绑的，犹如轭绳缚在我颈项上，他使我的力量衰败。主将我交在我所不能敌挡的人手中。


哀1:15
The LORD hath trodden under foot all my mighty men in the midst of me: he hath called an assembly against me to crush my young men: the LORD hath trodden the virgin, the daughter of Judah, as in a winepress.
主轻弃我中间的一切勇士，招聚多人（原文作“大会”）攻击我，要压碎我的少年人。主将犹大居民踹下，像在酒榨中一样。


哀1:16
For these things I weep; mine eye, mine eye runneth down with water, because the comforter that should relieve my soul is far from me: my children are desolate, because the enemy prevailed.
我因这些事哭泣，我眼泪汪汪，因为那当安慰我、救我性命的，离我甚远。我的儿女孤苦，因为仇敌得了胜。”


哀1:17
Zion spreadeth forth her hands, and there is none to comfort her: the LORD hath commanded concerning Jacob, that his adversaries should be round about him: Jerusalem is as a menstruous woman among them.
锡安举手，无人安慰。耶和华论雅各已经出令，使四围的人作她仇敌，耶路撒冷在他们中间像不洁之物。


哀1:18
The LORD is righteous; for I have rebelled against his commandment: hear, I pray you, all people, and behold my sorrow: my virgins and my young men are gone into captivity.
“耶和华是公义的！他这样待我，是因我违背他的命令。众民哪，请听我的话，看我的痛苦，我的处女和少年人都被掳去。


哀1:19
I called for my lovers, but they deceived me: my priests and mine elders gave up the ghost in the city, while they sought their meat to relieve their souls.
我招呼我所亲爱的，他们却愚弄我。我的祭司和长老正寻求食物救性命的时候，就在城中绝气。


哀1:20
Behold, O LORD; for I am in distress: my bowels are troubled; mine heart is turned within me; for I have grievously rebelled: abroad the sword bereaveth, at home there is as death.
耶和华啊，求你观看，因为我在急难中！我心肠扰乱，我心在我里面翻转，因我大大悖逆。在外刀剑使人丧子；在家犹如死亡。


哀1:21
They have heard that I sigh: there is none to comfort me: all mine enemies have heard of my trouble; they are glad that thou hast done it: thou wilt bring the day that thou hast called, and they shall be like unto me.
听见我叹息的有人；安慰我的却无人！我的仇敌都听见我所遭的患难；因你做这事，他们都喜乐。你必使你报告的日子来到，他们就像我一样。


哀1:22
Let all their wickedness come before thee; and do unto them, as thou hast done unto me for all my transgressions: for my sighs are many, and my heart is faint.
愿他们的恶行都呈在你面前；你怎样因我的一切罪过待我，求你照样待他们，因我叹息甚多，心中发昏。”


知识点

重点词汇
elders [ˈeldəz] n. 长老；尊长（elder的复数） n. (Elders)人名；(英)埃尔德斯 { :4056}

virgin [ˈvɜ:dʒɪn] n. 处女 adj. 处女的；纯洁的；未经利用的，处于原始状态的 {cet6 ky :4131}

virgins [ˈvə:dʒinz] n. 处女，童男( virgin的名词复数 ); 童贞玛利亚（耶稣之母） { :4131}

distress [dɪˈstres] n. 危难，不幸；贫困；悲痛 vt. 使悲痛；使贫困 {cet4 cet6 ky toefl ielts gre :4287}

crush [krʌʃ] n. 粉碎；迷恋；压榨；拥挤的人群 vt. 压碎；弄皱，变形；使…挤入 vi. 挤；被压碎 {cet4 cet6 ky toefl ielts :4311}

midst [mɪdst] n. 当中，中间 prep. 在…中间（等于amidst） {cet4 cet6 ky :4342}

bowels ['baʊəlz] n. 内脏（尤指人的肠）；同情心；勇气（bowel的复数） v. 取出…的肠子（bowel的第三人称单数） { :4431}

departed [dɪˈpɑ:tɪd] n. 死者 v. 离去；去世（depart的过去分词） adj. 过去的；死去的；以往的 { :4497}

thou [ðaʊ] pron. 你；尔，汝（古时候的叫法） n. (Thou)人名；(法、柬)图 { :4603}

miseries [ˈmizəriz] n. 痛苦( misery的名词复数 ); 痛苦的事; 穷困; 常发牢骚的人 { :4674}

prevailed [priˈveild] 流行（ prevail的过去式和过去分词 ） 获胜（ prevail的过去式和过去分词 ） { :4741}

congregation [ˌkɒŋgrɪˈgeɪʃn] n. 集会；集合；圣会 { :4989}

weep [wi:p] n. 哭泣；眼泪；滴下 vt. 哭泣；流泪；悲叹；流出或渗出液体 vi. 哭泣；流泪；哀悼；滴落；渗出液体 {gk cet4 cet6 ky toefl :5087}

backward [ˈbækwəd] adj. 向后的；反向的；发展迟缓的 adv. 向后地；相反地 {gk cet4 ky toefl ielts :5204}

trodden [ˈtrɒdn] v. 践踏；行走（tread的过去分词） { :5533}

mighty [ˈmaɪti] adj. 有力的；强有力的；有势力的 adv. 很；极；非常 n. 有势力的人 {cet6 toefl ielts gre :5620}

feasts [fi:sts] n. 盛会( feast的名词复数 ); 宴会; 宗教节日; 使人欢快的事物（或活动） { :5626}

pasture [ˈpɑ:stʃə(r)] n. 草地；牧场；牧草 vt. 放牧；吃草 n. (Pasture)人名；(英)帕斯彻；(法)帕斯蒂尔 {cet6 ky toefl ielts :5749}

Jerusalem [dʒә'ru:sәlәm] n. 耶路撒冷(以色列首都)；耶路撒冷〔巴勒斯坦古城,犹太教、基督教和伊斯兰教的圣地〕 { :5844}

overtook [ˌəʊvə'tʊk] v. （英）赶上；使无法忍受；代替（overtake的过去式） { :5931}

sanctuary [ˈsæŋktʃuəri] n. 避难所；至圣所；耶路撒冷的神殿 {toefl :5985}

solitary [ˈsɒlətri] n. 独居者；隐士 adj. 孤独的；独居的 {cet6 ky toefl ielts gre :6062}

sorrow [ˈsɒrəʊ] n. 悲伤；懊悔；伤心事 vt. 为…悲痛 vi. 懊悔；遗憾；感到悲伤 {gk cet4 cet6 ky :6304}

sore [sɔ:(r)] n. 溃疡，痛处；恨事，伤心事 adj. 疼痛的，痛心的；剧烈的，极度的；恼火的，发怒的；厉害的，迫切的 n. (Sore)人名；(法)索尔；(意)索雷 {cet4 cet6 ky ielts :6349}

jacob ['dʒeikәb] n. 雅各（以色列人的祖先）；雅各布（男子名） { :6690}

mourn [mɔ:n] v. 哀悼；忧伤；服丧 {gk cet4 cet6 ky ielts gre :6768}

deceived [diˈsi:vd] v. 欺骗；背叛（deceive的过去式） adj. 被欺骗的 { :6916}

bitterness ['bɪtənəs] n. 苦味；苦难；怨恨 {cet6 toefl :6970}

thy [ðaɪ] pron. 你的 n. (Thy)人名；(柬)提 { :7120}

adversaries [ˈædvəsəriz] 敌手 { :7244}

adversary [ˈædvəsəri] n. 对手；敌手 { :7244}

mock [mɒk] n. 英国模拟考试（mocks） vt. 愚弄，嘲弄 adj. 仿制的，模拟的，虚假的，不诚实的 vt. 不尊重，蔑视 {cet6 ky toefl ielts gre :7541}

harts [hɑ:ts] n. 雄鹿（尤指雄赤鹿）( hart的名词复数 ) { :7871}

despise [dɪˈspaɪz] vt. 轻视，鄙视 {cet4 cet6 ky toefl ielts gre :7960}

prosper [ˈprɒspə(r)] vi. 繁荣，昌盛；成功 vt. 使……成功；使……昌盛；使……繁荣 n. (Prosper)人名；(英、德、罗、法)普罗斯珀 {ky toefl :8251}

multitude [ˈmʌltɪtju:d] n. 群众；多数 {cet6 ky toefl ielts gre :8435}

solemn [ˈsɒləm] adj. 庄严的，严肃的；隆重的，郑重的 {cet4 cet6 ky toefl ielts gre :8599}

wonderfully [ˈwʌndəfəli] adv. 精彩地；惊人地；极好地 { :8680}

straits [streɪts] n. [海洋] 海峡；困难（strait的复数） { :8841}

magnified ['mægnɪfaɪd] adj. 放大的 v. 放大；夸张（magnify的过去分词） { :9568}

afflicted [əˈfliktid] 折磨 { :9633}

unto [ˈʌntə] prep. 到，直到；向（等于to） n. (Unto)人名；(芬)温托 { :9647}

wilt [wɪlt] n. 枯萎；憔悴；衰弱 vi. 枯萎；畏缩；衰弱 vt. 使枯萎；使畏缩；使衰弱 n. (Wilt)人名；(英、德、捷)威尔特 {gre :10000}

captivity [kæpˈtɪvəti] n. 囚禁；被关 {toefl :10112}

behold [bɪˈhəʊld] vt. 看；注视；把...视为 vi. 看 int. 瞧；看呀 {gre :10497}

thee [ði:] pron. 你（古英语thou的宾格） n. (Thee)人名；(德)特厄 { :10567}

righteous [ˈraɪtʃəs] adj. 正义的；正直的；公正的 {ielts :10845}

tributary [ˈtrɪbjətri] n. 支流；进贡国；附属国 adj. 纳贡的；附属的；辅助的 {toefl ielts gre :11428}

desolate [ˈdesələt] adj. 荒凉的；无人烟的 vt. 使荒凉；使孤寂 {cet6 ky toefl ielts gre :11752}

vile [vaɪl] adj. 卑鄙的；邪恶的；低廉的；肮脏的 n. (Vile)人名；(英)瓦伊尔；(芬)维莱 {gre :11975}

hath [hæθ] vt. 有（have的第三人称单数现在式） { :12155}

Sabbaths [ ] (Sabbath 的复数) n. 安息日 { :12368}

transgressions [trænzɡ'reʃnz] n. [地质] 海侵；犯罪；违反；逸出 { :12496}

affliction [əˈflɪkʃn] n. 苦难；苦恼；折磨 {toefl gre :13678}


难点词汇
commandment [kəˈmɑ:ndmənt] n. 戒律；法令 { :14661}

wickedness ['wɪkɪdnəs] n. 邪恶；不道德 { :15372}

pursuer [pəˈsju:ə(r)] n. 追求者；追捕者；研究者；原告 { :15815}

yoke [jəʊk] n. 轭；束缚；牛轭 vt. 结合；给…上轭 vi. 结合；匹配 n. (Yoke)人名；(日)与家(姓) {cet6 ielts gre :16099}

comforter [ˈkʌmfətə(r)] n. 安慰者；圣灵；（美）被子；（英）羊毛围巾 { :16393}

nakedness ['neɪkɪdnəs] n. 赤裸；明显；赤身裸体 { :18405}

yea [jeɪ] n. 赞成；肯定；投赞成票者 adv. 是的 { :18650}

servitude [ˈsɜ:vɪtju:d] n. 劳役，奴役；地役权；奴隶状态 {gre :18822}

heathen [ˈhi:ðn] n. 异教徒；粗野的人 adj. 异教的；野蛮的 { :21688}

wreathed [ri:ðd] v. （完全地）笼罩( wreathe的过去式和过去分词 ); 包围; 覆盖; 将…扎成圈（或环） { :23586}

hast [hæst] n. (Hast)人名；(瑞典)哈斯特；(德、芬)哈斯特 have的第二人称单数现在式 { :24338}

zion ['zaiәn] n. 原意：耶路撒冷的一个迦南要塞; 后指锡安山、耶路撒冷、以色列的土地; 犹太人; 天国 { :24744}

grievously [ˈgri:vəslɪ] adv. 令人悲伤地；极其痛苦地 { :27511}

persecutors [ ] n. 迫害者( persecutor的名词复数 ) { :28161}

Judah ['dʒu:dә] n. （圣经中的）犹大；犹大的后裔 { :35807}

treacherously ['tretʃərəslɪ] adv. 背叛地；危险地；靠不住地 { :36424}

didst [dɪdst] v. <古>（与thou一起使用），do的第二人称单数过去式 { :49187}


复习词汇
mine [maɪn] n. 矿，矿藏；矿山，矿井；地雷，水雷 vt. 开采，采掘；在…布雷 vi. 开矿，采矿；埋设地雷 pron. 我的 n. (Mine)人名；(德、塞、土、毛里塔)米内 {gk toefl ielts :1972}


生僻词
doth [dʌθ] v. 做；从事；整理（do的三单形式）

dwelleth [ ] [网络] 约柜就是住在

filthiness ['filθinis] n. 污秽；肮脏，不洁

findeth [ ] [网络] 找到

menstruous ['menstruәs] a. 月经的, 行经的 [医] 月经的, 行经的

remembereth [ ] [网络] 记得

spreadeth [ ] [网络] 传播

turneth [ ] [网络] 转身

weepeth [ ] [网络] 哭了

wherewith [weə'wɪθ] adv. 用什么，用那个，以其

winepress ['waɪnpres] n. 葡萄榨汁器，葡萄榨汁机


词组
do unto [ ] na. 包；捆；结扎；修饰

gave up the ghost [ ] 死，断气

give up the ghost [ɡiv ʌp ðə ɡəust] na. 死 [网络] 完蛋；作古；断气

given up the ghost [ ] 死，断气

in distress [in disˈtres] [网络] 在困境中；遇险；遇难

in the midst [ ] [网络] 在情况中；於其中

in the midst of [in ðə midst ɔv] [网络] 在…当中，在…中间；意思是在某一进程之中；正当…的时候

like unto [ ] [网络] 喜欢到

mock at [ ] v. 嘲笑；嘲弄 [网络] 嘲笑在

my lover [ ] [网络] 我的爱人；我的挚爱；难忘初恋情人

rebel against [ ] [网络] 叛逆；反抗；叛乱

Sore in [ ] 保存在

the adversary [ ] n. 魔鬼；对手 [网络] 仇敌；正义者；被告

the Comforter [ ] [网络] 安慰者；圣灵；劝慰师

the Ghost [ ] [网络] 幽灵；人鬼情未了；影泣

the heathen [ ] n. (不信基督教,伊斯兰教,犹太教等的)异教徒；多神教信仰者 adj. 不信教的；野蛮的；信异教的 [网络] 教化异教徒

the multitude [ðə ˈmʌltitju:d] na. 群众 [网络] 民众；大众；万众

the province [ ] [网络] 省报；不列颠哥伦比亚省报；省纸

the sword [ ] [网络] 名剑；剑漠地区；宝剑

The Virgin [ ] [网络] 处女；处女啦；处女座

thou didst [ ] [网络] 你做了

thou hast [ ] [网络] 你有

tread under foot [tred ˈʌndə fut] na. 践踏；虐待 [网络] 蹂躏


惯用语
o lord



单词释义末尾数字为词频顺序
 zk/中考 gk/中考 ky/考研 cet4/四级 cet6/六级 ielts/雅思 toefl/托福 gre/GRE
* 词汇量测试建议用 testyourvocab.com